Today's health information is 'Treatment of causes and symptoms of Parkinson's disease'.
What is Parkinson's? It refers to a disease in which movement is impaired due to the destruction of dopaminergic nerves in the substantia nigra in the center of the brainstem. Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter that acts on the basal ganglia of the brain, allowing us to move the body precisely the way we want it to. Symptoms of Parkinson's disease appear clearly after 60-80% of the dopaminergic nerves in the substantia nigra are lost.
If the pathological examination is performed, the 'Lewy body' formed by the deposition of the pathogenic 'alpha-synuclein' protein in various parts of the brain and peripheral nerves can be identified. Parkinson's disease is the second most common degenerative brain disease after Alzheimer's disease. It has a prevalence of 1% in people over 60 years of age, and the incidence increases with age.
Causes of Parkinson's disease.
The cause of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease is not yet known with certainty. Some Parkinson's patients have a family history of Parkinson's disease, and genetic abnormalities have been found in some of these families.
Although some studies have shown that environmental influences or toxic substances are the cause of Parkinson's disease, the cause of Parkinson's disease is still unknown in most patients with Parkinson's disease.
Symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
motor symptoms.
stable tremor
It is characterized by resting tremors that occur during rest and often rhythmic tremor of the pills as if they were formed by the thumb. It improves with activity and disappears during sleep, and the number of tremors appears relatively slowly, 4-6 times per second.
The tremor begins in one upper extremity, then appears in the lower extremity of the same side, progresses in the same order in months to a year, and in the opposite side, eventually appearing in all extremities.
stiffness
Like tremors, it starts in the upper extremity on one side, and it is a symptom that stiffens due to increased muscle tension. It mainly appears in the neck, trunk, and flexor muscles of the extremities and shows a characteristic flexible position. Regardless of the speed of movement, during manual exercise, a short and regular loss of resistance occurs with cogwheel stiffness or related bilateral stiffness.
slow movement
Movement slows down in daily life without muscle weakness or cerebellar symptoms. Facial muscle movements are slowed, and other masticatory muscles, muscles responsible for speech and swallowing, and bradykinesia appear in the muscle area of the trunk picture.
Pronunciation and swallowing difficulties appear, and symptoms such as gait disturbance and decreased arm movement when walking occur. It also makes it difficult for the patient to take the first step when trying to move.
non-motor symptoms.
autonomic nervous system symptoms.
Orthostatic hypotension, gastrointestinal disorders, drooling, dysphagia, dysuria, hyperhidrosis, seborrhea, constipation, sexual dysfunction, dry eyes, etc.
psychiatric symptoms.
Depression, anxiety, agitation, apathy or apathy, psychosis, hallucinations and dementia, etc.
sleep disorders.
REM behavior disorder, restless legs syndrome, insomnia, sleep apnea, excessive daytime sleepiness, etc.
etc.
Pain, loss of smell, blurred vision, double vision, fatigue, etc.
Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease.
There is no specific test that can confirm Parkinson's disease, and the diagnosis of a specialist is the most important diagnostic method. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or brain PET scans can help with the diagnosis. Parkinson's syndrome or secondary Parkinsonism is also called a cousin of Parkinson's disease, and Parkinson's disease should be distinguished from these diseases.
Parkinson's syndrome is characterized by progressive supranuclear palsy, multiple nervous system atrophy, corticobasal degeneration, and Lewy body dementia. Secondary Parkinsonism is secondary to drug-induced Parkinsonism, Vascular Parkinsonism, Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus, Brain Tumor, and Toxic Substances.
Parkinson's disease treatment.
When diagnosed with Parkinson's disease, it is usually the first to start medication. The goal of Parkinson's disease treatment is to enable you to carry on with your daily life without difficulty. Therefore, the principle of pharmacotherapy for Parkinson's disease is to use the lowest dose of the drug to achieve this goal.
If you take a lot of drugs from the beginning to completely eliminate the symptoms, you must be careful because side effects from the drugs can appear quickly. When you get Parkinson's disease, treatment does not end after several months or 1-2 years of drug administration, but you have to continue taking the drug.
As the patient's condition changes over time, it is necessary to find the most appropriate treatment for the condition at the time. Parkinson's drugs are drugs that do not cure Parkinson's disease or stop the progression of Parkinson's disease, but supplement the lack of dopamine so that the patient can perform well in daily life. No drug has yet been developed to regenerate dopaminergic neurons or to stop the loss of dopaminergic neurons.
In the case of surgical treatment, the most commonly performed treatment is deep brain stimulation, in which electrodes are inserted into a specific part of the brain and then connected to an electric stimulator implanted in the body to continuously stimulate a specific part of the brain.
Surgery does not cure Parkinson's disease, and surgery improves the person's symptoms and makes Parkinson's drugs work better.
Above, we learned about 'the causes, symptoms, and treatment of Parkinson's disease'.
It is very important to exercise continuously from the early stage of Parkinson's disease, and it is known that patients who exercise regularly show good progress in the long term. There are no foods to avoid or particularly good foods, just a balanced diet is generally recommended.
I hope today's health information is a little help..!! ^^
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This information is a reference material to help you understand health information.
In order to accurately determine the patient's symptoms and disease, it is necessary to see a doctor.
